A Consensus Proposal for Nutritional Indicators to Assess the Sustainability of a Healthy Diet: The Mediterranean Diet as a Case Study
Identifieur interne : 002498 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002497; suivant : 002499A Consensus Proposal for Nutritional Indicators to Assess the Sustainability of a Healthy Diet: The Mediterranean Diet as a Case Study
Auteurs : Lorenzo M. Donini [Italie] ; Sandro Dernini [Italie] ; Denis Lairon [Italie, France] ; Lluis Serra-Majem [Italie, Espagne] ; Marie-Josèphe Amiot [Italie, France] ; Valeria Del Balzo [Italie] ; Anna-Maria Giusti [Italie] ; Barbara Burlingame [Australie] ; Rekia Belahsen [Maroc] ; Giuseppe Maiani [Italie] ; Angela Polito [Italie] ; Aida Turrini [Italie] ; Federica Intorre [Italie] ; Antonia Trichopoulou [Grèce] ; Elliot M. Berry [Italie, Israël]Source :
- Frontiers in Nutrition [ 2296-861X ] ; 2016.
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of the multiple effects of diets on public health nutrition, society, and environment. Sustainability and food security are closely interrelated. The traditional Mediterranean Diet (MD) is recognized as a healthier dietary pattern with a lower environmental impact. As a case study, the MD may guide innovative inter-sectorial efforts to counteract the degradation of ecosystems, loss of biodiversity, and homogeneity of diets due to globalization through the improvement of sustainable healthy dietary patterns. This consensus position paper defines a suite of the most appropriate nutrition and health indicators for assessing the sustainability of diets based on the MD.
In 2011, an informal International Working Group from different national and international institutions was convened. Through online and face-to-face brainstorming meetings over 4 years, a set of nutrition and health indicators for sustainability was identified and refined.
Thirteen nutrition indicators of sustainability relating were identified in five areas.
The selection and analysis of these indicators has been performed (where possible) with specific reference to the MD. Sustainability of food systems is an urgent priority for governments and international organizations to address the serious socioeconomic and environmental implications of short-sighted and short-term practices for agricultural land and rural communities. These proposed nutrition indicators will be a useful methodological framework for designing health, education, and agricultural policies in order, not only to conserve the traditional diets of the Mediterranean area as a common cultural heritage and lifestyle but also to enhance the sustainability of diets in general.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00037
PubMed: 27622186
PubMed Central: 5002406
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Donini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Sapienza University of Rome</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>CIISCAM-International Inter-University Center for Mediterranean Food Culture Studies</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dernini, Sandro" sort="Dernini, Sandro" uniqKey="Dernini S" first="Sandro" last="Dernini">Sandro Dernini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>CIISCAM-International Inter-University Center for Mediterranean Food Culture Studies</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lairon, Denis" sort="Lairon, Denis" uniqKey="Lairon D" first="Denis" last="Lairon">Denis Lairon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>CIISCAM-International Inter-University Center for Mediterranean Food Culture Studies</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>INRA 1260, INSERM 1062, Aix Marseille University</institution>,<addr-line>Marseille</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Serra Majem, Lluis" sort="Serra Majem, Lluis" uniqKey="Serra Majem L" first="Lluis" last="Serra-Majem">Lluis Serra-Majem</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>CIISCAM-International Inter-University Center for Mediterranean Food Culture Studies</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</institution>,<addr-line>Las Palmas</addr-line>,<country>Spain</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amiot, Marie Josephe" sort="Amiot, Marie Josephe" uniqKey="Amiot M" first="Marie-Josèphe" last="Amiot">Marie-Josèphe Amiot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>CIISCAM-International Inter-University Center for Mediterranean Food Culture Studies</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>INRA 1260, INSERM 1062, Aix Marseille University</institution>,<addr-line>Marseille</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Del Balzo, Valeria" sort="Del Balzo, Valeria" uniqKey="Del Balzo V" first="Valeria" last="Del Balzo">Valeria Del Balzo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Sapienza University of Rome</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>CIISCAM-International Inter-University Center for Mediterranean Food Culture Studies</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giusti, Anna Maria" sort="Giusti, Anna Maria" uniqKey="Giusti A" first="Anna-Maria" last="Giusti">Anna-Maria Giusti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Sapienza University of Rome</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>CIISCAM-International Inter-University Center for Mediterranean Food Culture Studies</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burlingame, Barbara" sort="Burlingame, Barbara" uniqKey="Burlingame B" first="Barbara" last="Burlingame">Barbara Burlingame</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Deakin University</institution>,<addr-line>Melbourne</addr-line>,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belahsen, Rekia" sort="Belahsen, Rekia" uniqKey="Belahsen R" first="Rekia" last="Belahsen">Rekia Belahsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><institution>Chouaib Doukkali University</institution>,<addr-line>El Jadida</addr-line>,<country>Morocco</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maiani, Giuseppe" sort="Maiani, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Maiani G" first="Giuseppe" last="Maiani">Giuseppe Maiani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Center on Food and Nutrition (CRA-NUT, formerly INRAN)</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polito, Angela" sort="Polito, Angela" uniqKey="Polito A" first="Angela" last="Polito">Angela Polito</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Center on Food and Nutrition (CRA-NUT, formerly INRAN)</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turrini, Aida" sort="Turrini, Aida" uniqKey="Turrini A" first="Aida" last="Turrini">Aida Turrini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Center on Food and Nutrition (CRA-NUT, formerly INRAN)</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Intorre, Federica" sort="Intorre, Federica" uniqKey="Intorre F" first="Federica" last="Intorre">Federica Intorre</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><institution>Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Center on Food and Nutrition (CRA-NUT, formerly INRAN)</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trichopoulou, Antonia" sort="Trichopoulou, Antonia" uniqKey="Trichopoulou A" first="Antonia" last="Trichopoulou">Antonia Trichopoulou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Hellenic Health Foundation</institution>,<addr-line>Athens</addr-line>,<country>Greece</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berry, Elliot M" sort="Berry, Elliot M" uniqKey="Berry E" first="Elliot M." last="Berry">Elliot M. Berry</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>CIISCAM-International Inter-University Center for Mediterranean Food Culture Studies</institution>,<addr-line>Rome</addr-line>,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School</institution>,<addr-line>Jerusalem</addr-line>,<country>Israel</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in Nutrition</title><idno type="eISSN">2296-861X</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="ST1"><title>Background</title><p>There is increasing evidence of the multiple effects of diets on public health nutrition, society, and environment. Sustainability and food security are closely interrelated. The traditional Mediterranean Diet (MD) is recognized as a healthier dietary pattern with a lower environmental impact. As a case study, the MD may guide innovative inter-sectorial efforts to counteract the degradation of ecosystems, loss of biodiversity, and homogeneity of diets due to globalization through the improvement of sustainable healthy dietary patterns. This consensus position paper defines a suite of the most appropriate nutrition and health indicators for assessing the sustainability of diets based on the MD.</p></sec><sec id="ST2"><title>Methods</title><p>In 2011, an informal International Working Group from different national and international institutions was convened. Through online and face-to-face brainstorming meetings over 4 years, a set of nutrition and health indicators for sustainability was identified and refined.</p></sec><sec id="ST3"><title>Results</title><p>Thirteen nutrition indicators of sustainability relating were identified in five areas. <italic>Biochemical characteristics of food</italic> (A1. Vegetable/animal protein consumption ratios; A2. Average dietary energy adequacy; A3. Dietary Energy Density Score; A4. Nutrient density of diet), <italic>Food Quality</italic> (A5. Fruit and vegetable consumption/intakes; A6. Dietary Diversity Score), <italic>Environment</italic> (A7. Food biodiversity composition and consumption; A8. Rate of Local/regional foods and seasonality; A9. Rate of eco-friendly food production and/or consumption), <italic>Lifestyle</italic> (A10. Physical activity/physical inactivity prevalence; A11. Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern), C<italic>linical Aspects</italic> (A12. Diet-related morbidity/mortality statistics; A13. Nutritional Anthropometry). A standardized set of information was provided for each indicator: definition, methodology, background, data sources, limitations of the indicator, and references.</p></sec><sec id="ST4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>The selection and analysis of these indicators has been performed (where possible) with specific reference to the MD. Sustainability of food systems is an urgent priority for governments and international organizations to address the serious socioeconomic and environmental implications of short-sighted and short-term practices for agricultural land and rural communities. These proposed nutrition indicators will be a useful methodological framework for designing health, education, and agricultural policies in order, not only to conserve the traditional diets of the Mediterranean area as a common cultural heritage and lifestyle but also to enhance the sustainability of diets in general.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tilman, D" uniqKey="Tilman D">D Tilman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, M" uniqKey="Clark M">M Clark</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Heller, Mc" uniqKey="Heller M">MC Heller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keoleian, Ga" uniqKey="Keoleian G">GA Keoleian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Willett, Wc" uniqKey="Willett W">WC Willett</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Ane, G" uniqKey="O Ane G">G 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uniqKey="Gregg E">EW Gregg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joswiak, Ml" uniqKey="Joswiak M">ML Joswiak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ryan, Wj" uniqKey="Ryan W">WJ Ryan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suminski, Rr" uniqKey="Suminski R">RR Suminski</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guigoz, Y" uniqKey="Guigoz Y">Y Guigoz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vellas, B" uniqKey="Vellas B">B Vellas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garry, Pj" uniqKey="Garry P">PJ Garry</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Donini, Lm" uniqKey="Donini L">LM Donini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ricciardi, Lm" uniqKey="Ricciardi L">LM Ricciardi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neri, B" uniqKey="Neri B">B Neri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lenzi, A" uniqKey="Lenzi A">A Lenzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marchesini, G" uniqKey="Marchesini G">G Marchesini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Marco, A" uniqKey="De Marco A">A De Marco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Velardi, M" uniqKey="Velardi M">M Velardi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Camporeale, C" uniqKey="Camporeale C">C Camporeale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Screpanti, A" uniqKey="Screpanti A">A Screpanti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vitale, M" uniqKey="Vitale M">M Vitale</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lobstein, T" uniqKey="Lobstein T">T Lobstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rigby, N" uniqKey="Rigby N">N Rigby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leach, R" uniqKey="Leach R">R Leach</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rivera, D" uniqKey="Rivera D">D Rivera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ob N, C" uniqKey="Ob N C">C Obón</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heinrich, M" uniqKey="Heinrich M">M Heinrich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Inocencio, C" uniqKey="Inocencio C">C Inocencio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verde, A" uniqKey="Verde A">A Verde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fajardo, J" uniqKey="Fajardo J">J Fajardo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Grèce</li><li>Israël</li><li>Italie</li><li>Maroc</li></country></list><tree><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Donini, Lorenzo M" sort="Donini, Lorenzo M" uniqKey="Donini L" first="Lorenzo M." last="Donini">Lorenzo M. Donini</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Amiot, Marie Josephe" sort="Amiot, Marie Josephe" uniqKey="Amiot M" first="Marie-Josèphe" last="Amiot">Marie-Josèphe Amiot</name><name sortKey="Berry, Elliot M" sort="Berry, Elliot M" uniqKey="Berry E" first="Elliot M." last="Berry">Elliot M. Berry</name><name sortKey="Del Balzo, Valeria" sort="Del Balzo, Valeria" uniqKey="Del Balzo V" first="Valeria" last="Del Balzo">Valeria Del Balzo</name><name sortKey="Del Balzo, Valeria" sort="Del Balzo, Valeria" uniqKey="Del Balzo V" first="Valeria" last="Del Balzo">Valeria Del Balzo</name><name sortKey="Dernini, Sandro" sort="Dernini, Sandro" uniqKey="Dernini S" first="Sandro" last="Dernini">Sandro Dernini</name><name sortKey="Dernini, Sandro" sort="Dernini, Sandro" uniqKey="Dernini S" first="Sandro" last="Dernini">Sandro Dernini</name><name sortKey="Donini, Lorenzo M" sort="Donini, Lorenzo M" uniqKey="Donini L" first="Lorenzo M." last="Donini">Lorenzo M. Donini</name><name sortKey="Giusti, Anna Maria" sort="Giusti, Anna Maria" uniqKey="Giusti A" first="Anna-Maria" last="Giusti">Anna-Maria Giusti</name><name sortKey="Giusti, Anna Maria" sort="Giusti, Anna Maria" uniqKey="Giusti A" first="Anna-Maria" last="Giusti">Anna-Maria Giusti</name><name sortKey="Intorre, Federica" sort="Intorre, Federica" uniqKey="Intorre F" first="Federica" last="Intorre">Federica Intorre</name><name sortKey="Lairon, Denis" sort="Lairon, Denis" uniqKey="Lairon D" first="Denis" last="Lairon">Denis Lairon</name><name sortKey="Maiani, Giuseppe" sort="Maiani, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Maiani G" first="Giuseppe" last="Maiani">Giuseppe Maiani</name><name sortKey="Polito, Angela" sort="Polito, Angela" uniqKey="Polito A" first="Angela" last="Polito">Angela Polito</name><name sortKey="Serra Majem, Lluis" sort="Serra Majem, Lluis" uniqKey="Serra Majem L" first="Lluis" last="Serra-Majem">Lluis Serra-Majem</name><name sortKey="Turrini, Aida" sort="Turrini, Aida" uniqKey="Turrini A" first="Aida" last="Turrini">Aida Turrini</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lairon, Denis" sort="Lairon, Denis" uniqKey="Lairon D" first="Denis" last="Lairon">Denis Lairon</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Amiot, Marie Josephe" sort="Amiot, Marie Josephe" uniqKey="Amiot M" first="Marie-Josèphe" last="Amiot">Marie-Josèphe Amiot</name></country><country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Serra Majem, Lluis" sort="Serra Majem, Lluis" uniqKey="Serra Majem L" first="Lluis" last="Serra-Majem">Lluis Serra-Majem</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Burlingame, Barbara" sort="Burlingame, Barbara" uniqKey="Burlingame B" first="Barbara" last="Burlingame">Barbara Burlingame</name></noRegion></country><country name="Maroc"><noRegion><name sortKey="Belahsen, Rekia" sort="Belahsen, Rekia" uniqKey="Belahsen R" first="Rekia" last="Belahsen">Rekia Belahsen</name></noRegion></country><country name="Grèce"><noRegion><name sortKey="Trichopoulou, Antonia" sort="Trichopoulou, Antonia" uniqKey="Trichopoulou A" first="Antonia" last="Trichopoulou">Antonia Trichopoulou</name></noRegion></country><country name="Israël"><noRegion><name sortKey="Berry, Elliot M" sort="Berry, Elliot M" uniqKey="Berry E" first="Elliot M." last="Berry">Elliot M. 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